Halliday Functional Grammar

A man once said:

"Traditionally, grammar has always been a grammar of written language: and it has always been a product grammar. A process/product distinction is a relevant one for linguists because it corresponds to that between our experience of speech and our experience of writing: writing exists whereas speech happens."

  • Halliday (1985, p.xxiii) cited in: David Brazil (1995) A Grammar of Speech. p.10

21 Apr 2014

Reflection Episode III: CMC

PART I
While completing part 1 of the assignment, there is actually no big challenges that we faced. The journal article that we choose is quite easy to understand. The topic is very interesting because it discussed about the awareness that people have regarding FTF interactions, particularly in CMC in the sense of politeness strategy while communicating. The findings from this journal article are really interesting and beneficial because it revealed the relationship between language and culture. 

The challenging aspect while completing this task is to came out with our own conclusion based on the information that we get from this journal article. It somehow forced us to go deeper into this topic. By doing this, it actually trained us to think critically and as we all know, critical thinking is a crucial skill for students because it will really become a useful tool when we enter the working life.

Click here to access the full research. 

PART 2
For the second part of the assignment, we had been asked to choose one of the literature reviews from the part one. We decided to choose Feenberg’s studies which states that people who share the similar language and cultural background will develop similar cognitive processing habits informed by environmental perceptions, observations and agreed norms. This means people who share the same background of knowledge and culture will not have difficulties when it comes to the choice of words or diction. From there, we had analysed the corpus from Lowyat.net forum which is a famous forum where many topics have been discussed ranging from health to trading as well as studies. We chose “pregnancy” as our topic because most students in our class are female and we think that as future parents, we should share the knowledge of pregnancy. Since we had selected the forum as our corpus, it should be the asynchronous mode of CMC and the analysis focuses on the type of verb process as our framework is focusing on Grammatical Analysis.  After obtaining a 5 pages length corpus from the forum, we began to separate the verbs and determine each verb’s type of processes.


It is a tough job to do the analysis of verb process since we had done Grammatical Analysis during our first year. Basically, there are six processes in Experiential Metafunction; Mental, Material, Behavioral, Verbal, Existential, and Relational. Each verb had been labeled according to these processes which depended on the context of the sentence where the actions of the doer took place. After that, we had put them and categorized them in the table to make it easier for us to do the analysis. 
Some screenshots from our selected corpus



From the analysis, we find that most of the process used in the discussion is the material process. From there, we can conclude that the forum members use material process more than other process. This is because material process is much easier for the former to use material process to convey their speech as forum is asynchronous mode. In addition, material process is a process which describes action and physical and since the topic is pregnancy, it requires material process to show physical and action which is needed in order to make the other forum members understand more. By doing this assignment, we had refreshed our memory from learning Grammatical Analysis. Though it has been a while since we learn it, but still we managed to do the analysis. In conclusion, we can say that learning Grammatical Analysis does not fixed at just learning and analyze a grammar only, but we could contribute towards society discussion as well.

7 Apr 2014

Coursework: CMC Part 2
























Click here to download the full CMC Part 2 Assignment
Click here for CMC Slides Presentation

Coursework: CMC Part 1









Click here to download CMC Part 1 Assignment

Overview of CMC

Definition 
Hiltz and Turoff (1978)-coined the term ‘computer conferencing‘ as that was what they were researching on at that time. Their book, The Network Nation: Human communication via computer, becomes an early classic in the field of CMC research. Many other later researchers, however, use it to apply to a wider scope of communication activities to include e-mail, Internet Relay Chat (IRC), bulletin boards, and World Wide Web. 
CMC is “communication that takes place between human beings via the instrumentality of computers” (Herring, 1:1996). Traditionally CMC referred to those communications that occur  via computer-mediated format. (eg: instant messages, email,  chatrooms,  and text messaging). Now – include Skypes, Blogs and all forms of Social Network Sites (SNS).

CMC: Social Media
Main technologies of CMC
Popular forms of CMC include e-mail, video, audio or text chat (text conferencing including "instant messaging"), bulletin boards, and MMOs (Massive Multiplayer Online Games) or MOOs 
Weblogs (blogs) have also become popular, and the exchange of RSS (Really Simple Syndication) is a family of web feed formats used to publish frequently updated works—such as blog entries, news headlines, audio, and video—in a standardized format. Now the internet-based social network sites (SNS)

Basic Forms of CMC
1. Synchronous
   -is real time, instantaneous, communication eg. real time Chatting, Video Conferencing
2. Asynchronous
  - is non-real time communication
         eg. E-mail, Bulletin Board, Blog, SNS

Discourse via CMC 
The discourse via this medium refers to computer-mediated discourse (CMD) which is a specialization field within the broader interdisciplinary study of CMC. CMD focuses on language and language use in computer networked environments. It also deals with the methods used in discourse analysis to address the focus in all types of interpersonal communication conducted via the Internet such as email, instant messaging discussion boards and chats (Herring, 2001).

Social Media is thriving everywhere